Owners of facilities such as satellite earth stations, broadband fiber optic cables, telecommunications lines and exchanges, radio-communications transmission tower and equipment, mobile communications base stations, and broadcasting transmission towers and equipment. They are the fundamental building block of the convergence model upon which network, applications and content services are provided.

Provide particular functions such as voice services, data services, content-based services, electronic commerce and other transmission services. Applications services are essentially the functions or capabilities, which are delivered to end-users.